Manual testing is a process in software testing where test cases are executed manually by testers without the use of automation tools. Testers perform each step of the testing process themselves, interacting with the software and verifying its functionality, performance, and usability. While automated testing is increasingly popular, manual testing remains crucial, especially for areas like user experience, exploratory testing, and when testing dynamic applications where automation might not be feasible.
Functional testing is aimed at ensuring that the software application behaves as expected according to its functional requirements. Testers manually execute a series of test cases that check the specific features and functionalities of the application. This type of testing focuses on verifying that every function works correctly under various conditions, including:
Functional testing primarily involves checking the "what" of the application, ensuring that the expected functionality is present and works as designed.
User Interface testing verifies that the graphical interface of the software is properly designed and functions correctly. The objective is to ensure that the application’s interface is intuitive, consistent, and user-friendly.
UI testing helps ensure that the software is visually appealing, intuitive, and easy for end-users to interact with.
Usability testing focuses on evaluating how user-friendly and intuitive the software is. The goal is to ensure that the application can be used by the target audience with minimal effort, even if they are not experienced users.
Usability testing is typically conducted with real users who try to complete tasks while testers observe their behavior and gather feedback.
Exploratory testing is an unscripted testing approach where testers explore the application based on their knowledge, intuition, and experience. Unlike scripted testing (where testers follow predefined test cases), exploratory testing allows testers to interact freely with the application to uncover unexpected bugs or issues. Testers often focus on areas where they suspect there may be problems or those that are new or changed.
Exploratory testing is particularly useful for identifying edge cases and critical defects that might not have been anticipated.
Regression testing involves re-testing previously tested functionalities after changes (like bug fixes, new features, or code updates) are made to the software. The purpose is to ensure that these changes have not introduced new issues or caused existing features to break.
By performing regression testing, organizations ensure that the software remains functional after updates and that new changes do not break previously working features.
Compatibility testing is aimed at evaluating how well the software performs across different environments, such as various operating systems, browsers, and devices. The goal is to ensure that the application provides a consistent user experience regardless of where it is accessed or what platform it is run on.
Compatibility testing is essential for applications that need to function smoothly across different platforms and for diverse user environments.
Accessibility testing is designed to ensure that the software can be used by individuals with disabilities. The aim is to make sure that the application meets the necessary standards and guidelines for accessibility, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).
By performing accessibility testing, software can be made inclusive, ensuring that it is usable by individuals with a wide range of disabilities.
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